Solar System Moons
Earth has one moon which illuminates the night, but in earthâs solar system, 172 moons have been discovered thus far orbiting around the other planets. More moons continue to be discovered as Hubble Telescope keeps probing the outer reaches of space, and as the technology to map the solar system continues to advance. For instance, scientists have located 63 moons around Jupiter, 60 moons circling Saturn, 27 moons rotating around Uranus, and 13 orbiting Neptune, yet Venus and Mercury do not have any moons.
However, all of these moons are not created equal. These moons vary in size from one of Neptuneâs moons, Deimos, which is seven miles in diameter to one of Jupiterâs moons, Ganymede, which is 3,280 miles in diameter. In comparison, earthâs moon has a diameter of 2,160 miles.
In addition to differences in sizes, the moons are made up of varying compositions of materials. Some are sulfurous with volcanoes; another has water volcanoes. Some are burning hot, while others are hundreds degrees below zero. A few of the moons do have oxygen in their atmosphere. Most of the moons were probably asteroids at one time, but they were pulled into their various planetsâ orbits because of their planetsâ gravitational pull.
Four of the most famous moons, outside of Earthâs moon, are the four Galilean Moons, Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. Galileo discovered these moons in 1610 through his new invention, the telescope. Io emits toxic radiation, yet its sulfuric acid volcanoes spew vibrant yellows, oranges, and reds all over its surface. Europa has a smooth icy surface, but a heated ocean lies beneath its surface. Ganymede is the largest moon in the solar system and is also icy. Callisto is the same size as the planet Mercury, and its surface is covered entirely with craters.
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